#cold war
7pages tagged with "cold war"
security
- National Security Archive:— A briefing book from the National Security Archive that compiles declassified documents revealing a 'cascade of assurances' given by Western leaders to Soviet officials in 1990 and 1991 that NATO would not expand eastward beyond the borders of a reunified Germany.
- The Helsinki Final Act— The concluding document of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE), signed in 1975. It established foundational principles for East-West relations, including the inviolability of frontiers, territorial integrity, and respect for human rights.
- The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty— Signed in 1987 by the United States and the Soviet Union, this treaty required the elimination of all ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. Its collapse in 2019 is a significant factor in the deterioration of European security.
- The North Atlantic Treaty— The foundational treaty of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), signed in 1949. It establishes the principle of collective defense, outlined in Article 5, which states that an attack on one member is an attack on all.
- The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (The— The 1990 treaty that paved the way for German reunification. It granted full sovereignty to a unified Germany and is a key document in the debate over NATO expansion due to its provisions on military deployments in the former East Germany.
- The Warsaw Pact— The treaty that established the Warsaw Pact, a collective defense organization created by the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies in 1955. It served as the primary military counterbalance to NATO during the Cold War.
- Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)— Signed in 1990, this treaty established comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment in Europe. It was a cornerstone of post-Cold War European security, designed to reduce the possibility of large-scale offensive operations.